I'll be using a Canon XL2 for my next school project and I've considered shooting with 24 frames per second. I'm just concerned that there may be some problems with transferring it to a computer when it comes time to edit or something. So yeah...are there any problems I could face if I used that feature?

As long as the NLE you're using to edit has 24p capability, you shouldn't run into any issues. 24p to 60i is a standard conversion; 60i to 24p is where "problems" can arise. You should be fine.