I'll put on my professor hat for a spell on this one.
Some basics on film stocks
Color vs. black and white: This is pretty self explanatory, but the advanced difference can be discussed later if you'd like.
Negative/Reversal: This refers to to whether or not the image on the film is positive or negative when processed normally according to the manufacturers specifications. There are further differences, but that can be discussed when we get more advanced.
Film speed: This is a reference to a stocks sensitivity to light. The higher the number the more sensitive (Faster) the stock. More info available
here .
Color balance: For color stocks the relative sensitivity of the different color layers determine the lighting condition under which "White light" is perceived. Kind of a mouthful, but if you understand white balance for a video camera, it's basically the same thing. Not only that, but film stocks generally come in 2 different versions on that front: Daylight and tungsten.
Hopefully that's a good first stepping stone. If you want to jump into some more advanced stuff
this is a good resource.
Nota "Long time y'all" Mono